The Department of Defense established the National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowships (NSSEFF) program in 2008 to support university faculty and scientists to conduct potentially high pay-off basic research. In 2016, the name of the program was formally changed to the Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship (VBFF) to commemorate Dr. Vannevar Bush’s role in directing DoD research and pioneering research for the Government. The research funded through NSSEFF led to the development of several innovative discoveries. The report includes a set of recommendations for the program.