This report provides a discussion of the motivation for and history of the Total Learning Architecture (TLA) development, a description of activities of the TLA Working Group in 2019-2020, and recommendations for future directions based on an analysis of the TLA’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The report ends with a discussion of the importance of the Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Initiative. The ADL brings in ideas about new approaches from academia and from the private sector. It supports innovators, facilitates community development and communication about lessons learned, identifies needed standards, and recommends policy guidelines that dramatically reduce the lifetime costs of state-of-the-art training and education.