The global high-performance computing (HPC) landscape is evolving rapidly. Long dominated by the United States, many nations now participate in a dynamic HPC development environment with China making the most rapid progress. Driving new developments are fundamental changes in the integrated circuit core computing engines as well as a compelling need for energy efficiency and new computing architectures. This article provides a perspective on the current state of HPC, focusing on hardware development in China where significant new supercomputing progress is occurring.