The Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) was asked to conduct a comprehensive study of financial and non-financial incentives for civilian and military program managers (PMs) for major defense acquisition programs in response to the requirement in Section 841(b)(1) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018. In this study, the IDA team reviewed relevant prior research, interviewed government and industry personnel, analyzed data, and identified and assessed incentives to recruit, retain, and reward the Department of Defense PMs. This document contains the results of our research.